TomTom wrote:How does the existence of a scientific explanation for a natural phenomenon exclude God? A lot of posts here accuse "religious" people of being "narrow-minded". What are the definitions of "religious" and "narrow-minded"?
Joe says:
Phenomenon A is explained by scientific theory 1...explainable by science, God not involved.
Phenomenon B is explained by scientific theory 2...again, God not involved.
Mike says:
Phenomenon A is explained by scientific theory 1...I see God in this design.
Phenomenon B is explained by scientific theory 2...I see God in this design as well.
Who can say Mike is more "narrow-minded" than Joe?
As mdk correctly points out, this is a question of how you precisely define god. In my view, we have to have a proper, complete defintion BEFORE we ask questions about the nature of the universe.
In the above scenario, 'god' may imply either a personal god, who takes an active interest in the fate of the universe (and in humans, as part of the universe). Alternatively, 'god' may imply a larger "force" or "power", that does not take any active role in the function of universe today. In this sense, 'god' could quite literally mean 'the laws of nature, as they exist in a universe subject to the conditions present in the current universe'. I have no issue with this latter definition, and it is, again as mdk points out, the Einsteinian 'god'.
'A theory should be as simple as possible, but no simpler' (an Einsteinian version of an old axiom called Occam's Razor) This means, in essence, that we should strip away everything that is unnecessary for a theory to be consistent with observable data. As I've tried to state here, 'god' (again, in the 'personal god' sense) is superfluous to a theory of the universe based on empirical methods. Every time a "gap" in our knowledge of how the universe works has been filled, in our entire recorded history, the gap has been filled either by science (i.e. an increase in our knowledge, usually brought about by an increase in our technological prowess) or by the recognition that the "gap" was really just an artifact, caused by error in method or interpretation. God has filled no gaps, ever. And all those gaps into which god
has been placed by religion have later been shown to be, in reality, the result of a less-than-perfect scientific description, which was rectified by one of the two aforementioned processes.
Another hypothetical scenario, if you will (again, with apologies to Sam Harris):
If we were to revive a biblical scholar of the 13th century, and ask him various questions about various aspects of the world, his opinions would be absolutely laughable. He would have no concept of: the germ theory of disease, of the relationship between force, mass, and acceleration, of electricity or magnetism (let alone the interrelation between these forces), of heredity, of light as a wave, of light as a particle, of the constant velocity of light, of relativity, of gravity, of how a neuron works, of how the kidney works, of how tumours develop, how (or indeed IF) the planets orbit the sun, and so on ad infinitum. He would explain the world in terms that would be hopelessly backward for even a 7 year old of the 21st century.
The ONE and ONLY thing this person would still be an expert in today is Christianity; his religious knowledge would be absolutely spot on. There are only two ways to explain this:
1) We perfected our knowledge of god prior to the 13th century, whereas our knowledge of everything (literally EVERYTHING) else was laughably rudimentary,
OR
2) the concept of 'god' was simply a tool, invented by people who didn't even understand that washing your hands was a good way to avoid disease, to explain things that were simply unfathomable to the masses; that is, the concept of 'god' should be tossed into the wastebin of history along with bloodletting, the geocentric model of the universe, and every other example of ridiculous fables that were based on the best possible evidence available at the time (which was, very often, none).
In 800 years, our level of knowledge will be looked at with the same degree of scorn, and rightfully so; new data will suggest newer and better theories. But at every step of the way, the new theories will have to explain why OUR theories appeared to be right. And if the same trend we have seen for the last 15,000 years continues, it will be inquiry and empirical methods that fill the gaps, not god.